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This article was issued by Standard Unit Department of Evaluations, Standard and Training Centre for Infections. It include standard operating procedures (SOPs), algorithms and guidance notes, promote high quality practices and help to assure the comparability of diagnostic information in different laboratories as National Standard Methods (NSM).

This article describes an algorithm refers to investigation where the case definition is met or where surveillance for H1N1 influenza A has been undertaken, the real time quadriplex PCR for the detection of influenza, negative PCR result consideration, One-step influenza multiple real time RT-PCR (for H1H3 subtype of influenza A), and also an algorithm description about the management of confirmed and probable cases (click to enlarge).

The National Standard Methods PCR for Investigation of H1N1 Influenza A continued »

The following article describe you with hyperbaric chamber and the management of decompression illness which can occur in recreational scuba divers, commercial divers and other workers using compressed air.

You will be shown with case of men presented  with joint pain, skin rash, and neurological complaints after diving work. And then you will be taken with Characteristics of decompression illness, Treatment method, Choice of hyperbaric chamber, Choice of treatment table (Use of the Hart monoplace chamber treatment protocol), and Other treatment indications for hyperbaric chamber use.

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in the Management of Decompression Illness continued »

The following article will describe you with the sensitivity and specificity of four real-time PCR assays. They were evaluated for detection and diagnostic use of H1N1 influenza A virus. Accordingly, the results of this evaluation study demonstrate that the concurrent use of primary diagnostic and confirmatory assays provides rapid and accurate assessment of confirmed cases, and allows appropriate management of patients.

Four real-time PCR assays described in this article were Health Protection Agency HPA (H1)v assay, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) realtime RT-PCR kit – CDC (H1)v assay, HPA (N1)v assay, and The swine-origin influenza virus (S-OIV) assay. The respiratory swab samples were tested according to the protocol provided for each assay.

RT-PCR Assays Article: The Sensitivity and Specificity continued »

Catecholamines are sympathomimetic hormones part of the sympathetic nervous system that are released by the adrenal glands. They are epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine (wikipedia.org). The following figure presenting biosynthesis of the catecholamines.