Human influenza pandemics over the last 100 years have been caused by H1, H2, and H3 subtypes of influenza A viruses. More recently, avian influenza virus subtypes (that is, H5, H7) have been found to directly infect humans from their avian hosts. The recent emergence, host expansion, and spread of a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 subtype in Asia have heightened concerns globally, both in regards to mortality from HPAI H5N1 infection in humans and the potential of a new pandemic.
Recently, particular subtype H5N1, has focused the importance of non-human types and over the past decade they found an increased incidence in the human population. The symptoms of transmission could be range from asymptomatic to a mild conjunctivitis and to fulminant pneumonia. These could also bring into human death. I found an epidemiology, human disease, prevention of its transmission, and treatment of avian influenza A into human had been discussed in this articles.
Multiple Vaccination trials are undergoing to be widely and wisely used. Most of all these vaccines have been poorly immunogenic and of course have a limited usage. Otherwise, a large trial looked at an H5N1 attenuated vaccine from the Vietnam strain. The side effect seemed minimal. It sounds promising despite these human vaccinations against this virus is still underway to develop.
The delicate and tangled interaction between wildlife, domesticated animals, and humans have any correlations with the increased incidence of Avian Influenza viruses within human population. The emerging symptoms in human can be looked as conjunctivitis or an influenza like illness only, but HPAI H5N1 causes dominantly severe pneumonia, respiratory failure, and death. Infected poultry or waterfowl could make a direct transmission so this thing occured in mostly cases. Vaccine development is underway with a more immunogenic attenuated H5N1 virus preparation. The main way to prevent and reduce infection could be started from infection controlling measures. Finally, appropriate knowledge, prevention, and treatment will reduce the likelihood of this occurrence.
Christian Sandrock (School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA) and Terra Kelly (School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA) had published this article online in March 22. Enjoy the PDF format here!
